[转载]山东省实验中学2014届高三上学期第二次诊断性测试语文、英语试题

原文地址：山东省实验中学2014届高三上学期第二次诊断性测试语文、英语试题作者：室铭硕蓝鑫

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山东省实验中学2011级第二次诊断性测试

语文试题

2013.11

本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共10页。满分150分，考试用时150分钟。

第I卷（选择题共36分）

一、（15分，每小题3分）

1、下列词语中加点字的读音全都正确的一组是（）

A、井陉（xíng）自刭（jǐng）黥（jīng）刑批亢（kàng）捣虚

B、曩（náng）者不肖（xiào）裨（bì）将嚄蜡（huózè）宿将

C、缧绁（léixiè）囹圄（língwǔ）赘婿（zhuì）赍（lài）金百斤

D、歃（shà）血刀俎（zǔ）稽（qǐ）首目眦（zì）尽裂

2、下列词语中没有错别字的一组是（）

A、布置将相合破釜沉舟明修栈道，暗度陈仓

B、壁垒闭门羹狐死守丘盛名之下，其实难符

C、佝偻乌雅马原形毕露失之毫厘，谬以千里

D、怃然莫需有运筹帷幄明枪易躲，暗剑难防

3、下列各句中，加点成语使用正确的一项是（）

A、在不清楚事情原委时，面对他们的争论，我们最好先作壁上观。

B、众志成城，因人成事，中国人民依靠自己的力量建立了新中国。

C、在工作学习中，小错误也不能放过，须知集腋成裘，小错积多了，也会对工作学习造成大的损害。

D、有报道说，自上世纪80年代以来，我国有80多个城市先后提出“建设国际大都市”，许多中小城市居然当仁不让，不遗余力打造“百万人口大城市”。[来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K]

4、下列句子中，没有语病的一项是（）

A、去年年底，一位名叫奇尔莱德的英国男子在其任职公司组织的圣诞聚会上狂跳“骑马舞”时，因急性心力衰竭突然猝死，真可谓乐极生悲。

B、山东省在全国率先打破高考户籍限制，从2014年起，凡在山东省高中阶段有完整学习经历的无户籍考生均可在山东省就地报名参加高考。

C、近几年来，我国领海不断被侵扰，为了应对复杂多变的海上变化，中国海监局调整了工作规划，加大了海上巡航密度和执法装备的力量。

D、学校能否形成良好的、有促进功能的校园文化，学习者能否真正适应并融入它，这对教学活动的有效开展起着重要作用。

5、下列选项中，标点符号使用不正确的一项是（）

A、司马迁的《史记》是由纪、传、表、书、世家等多元构成的通史，成为后世纪传体史书的楷模。[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]

B、鲁迅先生称赞《史记》是“史家之绝唱，无韵之《离骚》”。

C、在司马迁看来，战国四公子（孟尝君、平原君、信陵君、春申君）或凭借王者亲属的血缘优势，或者居卿相之位，显名诸侯，事半功倍。

D、汉武帝既是一位雄才大略的政治家，也是一位爱好文学、提倡辞赋的诗人，流传有《秋风辞》、《瓠子歌》、《天马歌》、《悼李夫人赋》……等等。

二、（9分，每小题3分）

阅读下面的文章，完成6-8题。

从现代考古发现来看，中国至少在夏商周时期就有城市了。但和现代功能较为接近的城市，到春秋战国时期才出现，如齐国的首都临淄。据《战国策·齐策》记载，当时有7万户。仅以现代一户3口的最低标准来算，总人口也达到了21万户。从史料上看，古代城管除负责环卫、拆违章建筑、禁止占道经营外，还得“防火缉盗”；有的还有管理市场物价、维持公平交易和社会治安的义务，兼有现代公安、消防、工商、物价、税务等部门职能，是真正的“综合执法”，权力也比现代城管大。

古代的城管队员叫法不少，或称“胥”，或称“卒”，还有称“市吏”、“监市”，等等。但在事实上，古代并没有现代城管局这样的专职机构，自然也无城管队员一说。古代早期城管常由士兵充当。在北宋的都城东京开封，朝廷便设有相当于现代街道城管队的“街道司”，并相应成立了由500名兵士组成的执法队伍，以保持开封的正常交通秩序和环境卫生。明代的北京，由相当于今北京卫戍区或武装警察部队的“五城兵马司”来承担现代城管局的大部分职能。清代的北京，还专设了“督理街道衙门”，主要负责外城的街道管理、民房修建等，破坏公用设施、侵占下水道等不良行为，都是督理街道衙门的执法对象。到了晚清，西方的一套城管制度被引入中国，由警察承担起了现代城管的工作。

在古代，现代城管的两大难题—占道经营和违章搭建，同样十分突出，且历代不绝。古代城管也为此伤透脑筋。在唐代的长安和洛阳，不少商户为了扩大经营面积，非要在门面(正铺)外多占一块(偏铺)。在李显(唐中宗)当皇帝时的景龙年间，朝廷不得不以敕令的形式，发布了一则当时的最高“城管通知”：两京市场上各行业，凡自有正铺者，不得在铺前再建造偏铺。宋代称占道经营为“侵街”，为了防止侵街行为的发生，宋代城管想出了一个法子，在沿街要道旁立“表木”，标记出范围。这与现代街道画线一样，一旦超出就要被制止，当时的“城管队”会经常检查是否有人侵街。到明清，随着城市和商业的发展，占道、违建更突出。

《唐律》规定：“距府十丈无市，商于舍外半丈，监市职治之。”即摆摊设点至少要远离政府办公地30米，也不能离民房太近，要在1米5以外，由监市负责督管。对占道经营有严厉的惩罚：“诸侵巷街阡陌者，杖七十；若种植垦食者，笞五十。各令复故。”挨打后，还得恢复原状。《宋刑统》也有规定：“诸侵街巷阡陌者，杖七十”。对乱倒垃圾、影响环境卫生也有规定：“其有穿穴垣墙以出秽污之物于街巷，杖六十。直出水者无罪。主司不禁与同罪。”把尿屎垃圾弄到街上，影响了公共卫生，不只当事人倒霉，连“城管队长”都跟着挨杖打。宋仁宗在搞城管方面颇有创意，他在要求开封府官员强拆违章的同时，特别指示相当于现代司法机关法院的左、右军巡院，配合“开封城管”行动，“惩治侵街者”。明代对破坏公共设施、不按规定行车，以及在禁区内摆摊设点、取土作坯、随地大小便等行为，也一律“问罪”，涉事者要被强行戴上刑具，在街头示众一个月，即所谓“枷号一个月发落”。撒泡尿也要遭受这么大的罪，这样的城管手段不可谓不狠！[来源:学科网]

6、下列有关古代“城管”的说法，正确的一项是（）

A、中国古代城管最早出现在春秋战国时期齐国的首都临淄。

B、虽然古代没有“城管”这种叫法，但是现代城管的职能在古代常由相应的一些机构承担。

C、古代城管常由士兵充当，明清时换由警察承担这一任务。

D、宋代城管在沿街要道旁立“表木”，现代城市管理者在街道上画线就完全来源于此。

7、根据原文内容，下列理解和分析不正确的一项是（）

A、中国古代最早的城市人口少、规模小，功能不完善，所以尚不需要专门的城管人员来管理。

B、一些令古人伤透脑筋的城市管理问题，同样也让现代城管部门头痛不已。

C、古代随着城市和商业的发展，占道经营和违章搭建屡禁不绝，更为突出。

D、为防止“侵街”，避免随意违章搭建，宋仁宗曾集合多部门“综合执法”。

8、古代对城市管理方面的规定和措施，下列说法符合原文意思的一项是（）

A、唐代摆摊在政府办公地30米以内者，要马上恢复原状，否则将会被“杖七十”。

B、宋代法律规定，只要有人破坏公共卫生，除当事人受罚外，“城管队长”也要挨打。

C、唐景龙年间，朝廷以敕令的形式，发布“城管通知”，禁止建造偏铺侵街。

D、明代规定，凡是破坏公共设施、不按规定行车、随地大小便者，都要被戴上刑具，在街头示众一个月。

三、（12分，每小题3分）

阅读下面的文言文，完成9-12题。

陶元淳，字子师，江苏常熟人。康熙中举博学鸿词，以疾不与试。二十七年，成进士，廷对，论西北赋轻而役重，东南役均而赋重，愿减浮额之粮，罢无益之费。阅者以其言戆^①，置二甲。三十三年，授广东昌化知县，到官，首定赋役，均粮于米，均役于粮。裁革杂征，相率以力耕为业。县隶琼州，与黎为界，旧设土舍，制其出入，吏得因缘为奸，元淳立撤去。一权量，定法度，黎人便之。城中居人，旧不满百家，至此户口渐蕃。元淳时步行闾里间，周咨疾苦，煦妪^②如家人。
琼郡处海外，军将多骄横，崖州尤甚。元淳尝署州事，守备黄镇中以非刑杀人，游击余虎纵不问；且贪，索黎人献纳。元淳廉^③得其状，列款以上，虎私以金贿之不得，造蜚语揭之。总督石琳下琼州总兵会讯，元淳申牍^④曰：“私揭不应发审，镇臣不应侵官，必挫执法之气，灰任事之心。元淳当弃官以全政体，不能蒲伏武臣，贻州县羞也。”初鞫^⑤是狱，镇中令甲士百人佩刀入署，元淳据案怒叱曰：“吾奉命治事，守备敢令甲士劫持，是藐国法也。”镇中气慑，疾挥去，卒定谳，论罪如律。崖人为语曰：“虽有余虎，不敌陶公一怒。”而总督卒因元淳倔强，坐不检验失实，会赦免。复欲于计典^⑥黜之，巡抚萧永藻初授事，曰：“吾初下车，便劾廉吏，何以率属？”为言于总督，乃已。

元淳自奉俭约，在官惟日供韭一束。喜接诸生，讲论至夜分不倦。屡乞病未果，竟以劳卒于官。昌化额田四百余顷，半沦于海，赋不及二千，浮粮居三之一，民重困。元淳为浮粮考，屡请于上官，乞豁除，无应者。乾隆三年，元淳子正靖官御史，疏以入告，竟获俞旨免焉。
（选自《清史稿·列传第二百六十三》）

【注】①戆：鲁莽。②煦妪：温暖，暖和。③廉：查访。④申牍：申述的文书。⑤鞫：审。⑥计典：指古代对官吏三年政绩进行考核的大计之典。

9、对下列句子中划线的词的解释，不正确的一项是（）（3分）

A、旧设士舍，制其出入制：限制

B、一权量，定法度一：统一

C、卒定谳，论罪如律论：议论

D、坐不检验失实，会赦免坐：犯了……罪

10、下列各组句子中，加点的虚词意义和用法相同的一项是（）（3分）

A、吏得因缘为奸而总督卒因元淳倔强

B、为言于总督，乃已乃有二十八骑

C、复欲于计典黜之毛先生以三寸之舌

D、竟以劳卒于官诸侯以公子贤，多客

11、以下句子中，全都表明陶元淳关心民生疾苦的一组是（）（3分）
①愿减浮额之粮，罢无益之费 ②时步行闾里间，周咨疾苦

③当弃官以全政体，不能薄伏武臣 ④虽有余虎，不敌陶公一怒

⑤为浮粮考，屡请于上官，气豁除 ⑥疏以入告，竟获谕旨免焉

A、①②⑤ B、③④⑥ C、①②⑥ D、③④⑤

12、下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括，不正确的一项是（）（3分）

A、陶元淳于康熙年间考中进士，因廷对不为阅卷者喜欢，所以被置于二甲之中。

B、陶元淳爱民如子，关心生疾苦。初任昌化知县时，厘定赋役，裁减额外的赋税，减轻了百姓负担，使百姓“相率以力耕为业”，发展了当地农业生产，城中人口得以增多。

C、陶元淳为官刚正。不怕得罪上司。在代理崖州事务时，守备黄镇中违法杀人，陶元淳依法审案被诬陷，总督下令让琼州总兵“会讯”。陶元淳得知后上书申辩，总督终因陶元淳的倔强而赦免了他。

D、陶元淳厉行节约，生活俭朴，为官时平日所吃，只是“韭一束”；他喜欢与读书人交往，常常与他们讨论问题到三更半夜也不知疲倦。他多次因病请求辞官而不得允许，终因积劳成疾而故于任上。

第II卷（非选择题 114分）

四、（24分）

13、把下列文言文句子翻译成现代汉语。（10分）

（1）虎私以金贿之不得，造蜚语揭之。（3分）

（2）吾奉命治事，守备敢令甲士劫持，是藐国法也。（3分）

（3）吾初下车，便劾谦吏，何以率属？（4分）

14、阅读下面这首宋词，回答问题。（8分）

千秋岁^①^[^来源^:^学科网^ZXXK]

秦观

水边沙外，城郭春寒退。花影乱，莺声碎。飘零疏酒盏，离别宽衣带。人不见，碧云幕合空相对。

忆昔西池^②会，鸳鹭^③同飞盖。携手处，今谁在？日边清梦断，镜里失颜改。春去也，飞红万点愁如海。

【注】①千秋岁：词牌名。此词作于词人被贬处州时。②西池：汴京（开封）金明池。③鸳（yuan）鹭：两种鸡，这里借指同游的同僚、朋友。

（1）“花影乱，莺声碎”中“乱”“碎”用得极为传神，请结合诗句赏析。（4分）

（2）词中划线句子是传颂千古的名句，其中运用了什么手法，有怎样的表达效果，请作简要分析。（4分）

15、补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。（任选3个小题）（6分）

（1）鹤汀凫渚，；桂殿兰宫，。（王勃《滕王阁序》）

（2）淇水汤汤，。，士贰其行。（《诗经·氓》）

（3），，颁白者不负戴于道路矣。（《寡人之于国也》）

（4）吾师道也，？（韩愈《师说》）

，不知其可也。（《论语·为政》）

五、（12分）

16、根据下面文字提供的信息，用一句话概括新闻的观点。（15字以内）（4分）

新西兰被称为世界上最后一片净土，环境优美，气候宜人，人口密度小，特别适合居住。新西兰是世界上为数不多的对海外人士没有购房限制并没有房产交易税的国家之一，这一政策优势也吸引来很多有钱的中国人前来置业。

最离谱的是，据新西兰最大的英文报纸《新西兰先驱报》（NZ herald）报道，在华人最喜爱的奥克兰中区爱尔伯特区，一间房屋以超出估价416000新元（200万人民币）的惊人价格售出，为如今房产市场令人咋舌的疯狂局面再添铁证。这间三居室房屋政府估价为67万新元（375万元人民币），但最终，这栋房屋在拍卖会上以高于估价62%的108.6万新元（约543万元人民币）的惊人价格售出。

新西兰本人感叹，房子如今难买了。这边刚刚开始和房东谈价钱，那边过来了中国个，二话不说，直接买下了。很多人在电台节目里抱怨，这些仿佛是一夜之间出现的众多有钱人，哄抬了本来就不低的房价，抢走了新西兰人的机会。

17、填入下面横线处的语句，与上下文衔接最恰当的是一组是（）（4分）

曾宪梓先生对中国内地的总损资超过4亿元人民币。有人这样问他：有钱快乐，还是没有钱快乐？曾宪梓先生这样回答“ 。不要成为钱财的奴隶，要做钱财的主人。”

①我不算有钱 ②穷人有穷人的快乐，有钱人有有钱人的苦恼

③有钱不一定快乐 ④看你怎么用

⑤但是我把钱用在有益的事业上

18、下面是一封求职信的正文，语言上有不得体之处，请按要求修改。（4分）

我是北方大学机械制造专业的莘莘学子，成绩优秀，身体健康，表达能力强。从报纸上拜读了贵公司招聘人才的广告，惠顾了贵公司的网站，得知了招聘工程人员的消息，我决定应聘。现惠赠上我的相关资料，如有意向，请与我洽谈。

（1）将改为；（2）将改为；

（3）将改为；（4）将改为；

六、（18分）

本题为选做题，考生须从所给（一）（二）两题中任选一题作答，不能全选。

（一）阅读下面的文字，完成19-22题。

昆明的雨
汪曾祺
（1）宁坤要我给他画一张画，要有昆明的特点。我想了一些时候，画了一幅：右上角画了一片倒挂着的浓绿的仙人掌，末端开出一朵金黄色的花；左下画了几朵青头菌和牛肝菌。题了这样几行字：
（2）“昆明人家常于门头挂仙人掌一片以辟邪，仙人掌悬空倒挂，尚能存活开花。于此可见仙人掌生命之顽强，亦可见昆明雨季空气之湿润。雨季则有青头菌、牛肝菌，味极鲜腴。”

（3）我想念昆明的雨。

（4）我以前不知道有所谓雨季。“雨季”，是到昆明以后才有了具体感受的。

（5）我不记得昆明的雨季有多长，从几月到几月，好像是相当长的。但是并不使人厌烦。因为是下下停停、停停下下，不是连绵不断，下起来没完。而且并不使人气闷。我觉得昆明雨季气压不低，人很舒服。
（6）昆明的雨季是明亮的、丰满的，使人动情的。城春草木深，孟夏草木长。昆明的雨季，是浓绿的。草木的枝叶里的水分都到了饱和状态，显示出过分的、近于夸张的旺盛。
（7）我的那张画是写实的。我确实亲眼看见过倒挂着还能开花的仙人掌。旧日昆明人家门头上用以辟邪的多是这样一些东西：一面小镜子，周围画着八卦，下面便是一片仙人掌，——在仙人掌上扎一个洞，用麻线穿了，挂在钉子上。昆明仙人掌多，且极肥大。有些人家在菜园的周围种了一圈仙人掌以代替篱笆。——种了仙人掌，猪羊便不敢进园吃菜了。仙人掌有刺，猪和羊怕扎。

（8）昆明菌子极多。雨季逛菜市场，随时可以看到各种菌子。最多，也最便宜的是牛肝菌。牛肝菌下来的时候，家家饭馆卖炒牛肝菌，连西南联大食堂的桌子上都可以有一碗。牛肝菌色如牛肝，滑，嫩，鲜，香，很好吃。炒牛肝菌须多放蒜，否则容易使人晕倒。青头菌比牛肝菌略贵。这种菌子炒熟了也还是浅绿色的，格调比牛肝菌高。菌中之王是鸡土从，味道鲜浓，无可方比。鸡土从是名贵的山珍，但并不真的贵得惊人。一盘红烧鸡土从的价钱和一碗黄焖鸡不相上下，因为这东西在云南并不难得。有一个笑话：有人从昆明坐火车到呈贡，在车上看到地上有一棵鸡纵，他跳下去把鸡土从捡了，紧赶两步，还能爬上火车。这笑话用意在说明昆明到呈贡的火车之慢，但也说明鸡土从随处可见。有一种菌子，中吃不中看，叫做干巴菌。乍一看那样子，真叫人怀疑：这种东西也能吃？！颜色深褐带绿，有点像一堆半干的牛粪或一个被踩破了的马蜂窝。里头还有许多草茎、松毛、乱七八糟！可是下点功夫，把草茎松毛择净，撕成蟹腿肉粗细的丝，和青辣椒同炒，入口便会使你张目结舌：这东西这么好吃？！还有一种菌子，中看不中吃，叫鸡油菌。都是一般大小，有一块银圆那样大，的溜圆，颜色浅黄，恰似鸡油一样。这种菌子只能做菜时配色用，没甚味道。
（9）雨季的果子，是杨梅。卖杨梅的都是苗族女孩子，戴一顶小花帽子，穿着扳尖的绣了满帮花的鞋，坐在人家阶石的一角，不时吆唤一声：“卖杨梅——”，声音娇娇的。她们的声音使得昆明雨季的空气更加柔和了。昆明的杨梅很大，有一个乒乓球那样大，颜色黑红黑红的，叫做“火炭梅”。这个名字起得真好，真是像一球烧得炽红的火炭！一点都不酸！我吃过苏州洞庭山的杨梅、井冈山的杨梅，好像都比不上昆明的火炭梅

（10）雨季的花是缅桂花。缅桂花即白兰花，北京叫做“把儿兰”（这个名字真不好听）。云南把这种花叫做缅桂花，可能最初这种花是从缅甸传入的，而花的香味又有点像桂花，其实这跟桂花实在没有什么关系。——不过话又说回来，别处叫它白兰、把儿兰，它和兰花也挨不上呀，也不过是因为它很香，香得像兰花。我在家乡看到的白兰多是一人高，昆明的缅桂是大树！我在若园巷二号住过，院里有一棵大缅桂，密密的叶子，把四周房间都映绿了。缅桂盛开的时候，房东（是一个五十多岁的寡妇）就和她的一个养女，搭了梯子上去摘，每天要摘下来好些，拿到花市上去卖。她大概是怕房客们乱摘她的花，时常给各家送去一些。有时送来一个七寸盘子，里面摆得满满的缅桂花！带着雨珠的缅桂花使我的心软软的，不是怀人，不是思乡。
（11）雨，有时是会引起人一点淡淡的乡愁的。李商隐的《夜雨寄北》是为许多久客的游子而写的。我有一天在积雨少住的早晨和德熙从联大新校舍到莲花池去。看了池里的满池清水，看了作比丘尼装的陈圆圆的石像（传说陈圆圆随吴三桂到云南后出家，暮年投莲花池而死），雨又下起来了。莲花池边有一条小街，有一个小酒店，我们走进去，要了一碟猪头肉，半市斤酒（装在上了绿釉的土磁杯里），坐了下来。雨下大了。酒店有几只鸡，都把脑袋反插在翅膀下面，一只脚着地，一动也不动地在檐下站着。酒店院子里有一架大木香花。昆明木香花很多。有的小河沿岸都是木香。但是这样大的木香却不多见。一棵木香，爬在架上，把院子遮得严严的。密匝匝的细碎的绿叶，数不清的半开的白花和饱涨的花骨朵，都被雨水淋得湿透了。我们走不了，就这样一直坐到午后。四十年后，我还忘不了那天的情味，写了一首诗：莲花池外少行人，野店苔痕一寸深浊酒一杯天过午，木香花湿雨沉沉。[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]

（12）我想念昆明的雨。

19、题为“昆明的雨”，文章开篇为什么要描述给宁坤的画呢？（4分）

20、分析文中画线的两个句子的表现手法和表达效果（4分）

（1）卖杨梅的都是苗族女孩子，戴一顶小花帽子，穿着板尖的绣了满帮花的鞋，坐在人家阶石的一角，不时中吆唤一声“卖杨梅——”，声音娇娇的。她们的声音使得昆明雨季的空气更加柔和了。（2分）

（2）一棵木香，爬在架上，把院子遮得严严的。（2分）

21、第（3）段和第（12）段，作者都只有一句“我想念昆明的雨”，分析这两段在文中的作用。（4分）

22、《昆明的雨》能对读者产生强大的艺术感染力，就在于作者对“凡人小事”的审视，用“以小见大”的视角，折射出了一位老人浓烈如火的情怀。结合文本，试分析文中是始何“以小见大”的。（6分）

（二）阅读下面的文字，完成19-22题。

郑樵的治学精神及其史学成就

范兆琪

①郑樵是我国南宋初年著名的史学家。从小便勤奋好学，十六岁时父亲病故，他便和堂兄郑厚在兴化北郊的夹漈山，搭了三间茅屋，谢绝人事，刻苦攻读。他抱负很大，自比不下于西汉著名学者刘向和扬雄。但他不参加科举考试，认为科举文章不是“实学”。

②郑樵虽然专心钻研学术，但对民族命运也很关心。他二十四岁时，徽宗、钦宗被金兵俘虏北去，宋室南迁，广大人民和爱国志士坚决抗金。年轻的郑樵也坚决要求抗战，表示要以自己的才干为国效劳。但因无人引荐，投效无门，他又不愿与一般士大夫周旋应酬，于是只得重返山林，坚持在夹漈山过着淡泊清寒的生活，同时更加专心致志于学术研究和著述，一心一意要实现自己宏大的理想，要编撰一部继《史记》之后、贯通古今的通史。

③为了完成这部贯通古今的百科全书式的通史，郑樵以坚强的毅力，“三十年著书，十年搜访图书”，做了充分的准备。“风暴雪夜，执笔不休；厨无烟火，而诵记不绝”。当时，莆田学术文化很发达，藏书家之多，闻名全国。郑樵“周游所至，遇有藏书家，必留借读尽乃去”。“闻人家有书，直到其门求读，不问其容否，读已则罢，去住曾不吝情”。因此，他得以“搜尽东南遗书，搜尽古今图谱，又尽上代之鼎彝与四海之铭碣遗编缺简”。当时人们就曾称赞他说：“惟有莆田郑夹漈，读尽天下八分书。”这就为他完成《通志》的编撰，准备了博大深厚的基础。

④郑樵虽博览群书，但不死守书本。他认为研究学问，除了刻苦攻读外，还要重视实践知识，注意调查研究、实际考察。为了考察、研究动植物，他“结茅夹漈山下，与田夫野老往来，与野鹤晓猿杂处，不问飞潜动植，皆欲究其情性”。他还主张读书人要与富有实际知识的农民“参合”，以求得“实学”。还要利用实物，来印证书本知识。他这种治学方法比较科学和进步，在当时是难能可贵的。

⑤郑樵认为，要编撰这样一部贯通古今的百科全书式的通史，必须具备渊博的社会知识和自然知识。于是他以十年为经旨之学，三年为礼乐之学，三年为文字之学，五、六年为天文地理、虫鱼草木之学，八、九年为讨论（校雠学）、图谱、亡书之学；并把研究的成果，分别写成九十类、五十种专门著作。这许多著作，后来大都成为《通志》的底本。清代纪昀等人认为，“南北宋间记诵之富，考证之勤，实未有过于樵者”。他不愧为当时最博学的学者。

⑥郑樵开始酝酿编撰《通志》大约始于绍兴八年（1138），当时他三十五岁。绍兴十九年（1149），郑樵四十六岁，他感到年纪大了，体力也开始衰退，唯恐身后著作失传，于是他从已经写成的几百卷著作中，挑选出十八种，一百四十卷，徒步两千里，来到京城临安（今杭州）)，向秘书省进献自己的著作，并呈上一封《献皇帝书》，说明自己三十年来刻苦攻读和勤奋著述的情况。结果得到高宗赵构的嘉纳，把他所献的书“诏藏秘府”。这使郑樵受到极大的鼓舞。他回到莆田夹漈草堂后，继续著书、讲学。这时他名声很大，四方之士从学者多达两百多人。地方官吏推荐他出来做官，但他都辞谢了。

⑦由于侍讲王伧和贺允中的再次推荐，绍兴二十八年（1158）二月，高宗赵构召见郑樵。他对高宗说，自己准备“取历代之籍，始三皇，终五季，汇辑为一，名曰《通志》，体参马、班，法则稍异”。高宗让他监潭州南岳庙，并允许给他笔墨用具，让他回家继续撰写《通志》。郑樵回到家乡后，虽年老体衰，却更加勤奋著述，日夜不辍。他整理、审订，删繁就简，不到两年时间，就完成了《通志》全书的编纂工作，实现了会通众史，“集天下之书为一书”的夙愿。绍兴三十一年（1161）年底，郑樵又一次来到临安，献上自己的著作。刚好高宗车驾去建康，没有得见。次年春，高宗下诏命郑樵把《通志》进呈；但是诏命下来时，郑樵却已不幸逝世了，终年五十九岁。

⑧郑樵以毕生的精力，独自编纂了卷帙浩繁的二百卷《通志》，他的成就是巨大的。近代著名学者梁启超把郑樵与刘知几、章学诚并列，认为他的《通志》“足以不朽”，“史界之有樵，若光芒竞天之一彗星焉”，对他做了高度的评价。

（摘编自1988年第12期《文史知识》）

19、文中为我们展现的这个旧时代学者是怎样的形象（4分）

20、赏析画线语句（4分）

（1）郑樵“周游所至，遇有藏书家，必留借读尽乃去”。

（2）“史界之有樵，若光芒竞天一彗星焉”

21、从④⑤两段来看，郑樵在治学上具有怎样的特点，请简要分析。（4分）

22、郑樵不愿参加科举考试，不愿出来做官；而有人认为如果他出来做官，会更有利于个人理想的实现。请结合全文，谈谈你的看法。（6分）

七、（60分）

23、阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文。（60分）

杰克·伦敦在《海狼》中说：“每一个人都把自己当做钻石，而在别人眼中看起来，却只不过是钻石的同素异形体：碳。”

要求：①选准角度，结合自身试验，自定立意；②自拟题目；③除诗歌外，文体不限，文体特征鲜明；④不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围，不要套作，不得秒袭。

山东省实验中学2011级第二次诊断性测试

英语试题

2013.11

第I卷（选择题100分）

第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）

第一节单项填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白年的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1、On your way home, you’d better get the medicine at chemist’s; take the pill three times a day after meals.[来源:Zxxk.Com]

A、the;the B、the,/ C、/,/ D、/,the

2、I prefer a college in Beijing to in Shanghai, because I like the climate in Beijing.

A、one B、that C、it D、this

3、A stranger started walking about in the hall, to find the main office.

A、trying B、to try C、tried D、was trying

4、I apologize for over-speeding, but my wife a baby and I had to rush her to the hospital.

A、is having B、was having C、promoted D、motivated

5、Mr.Wooden is expected to be to the director of our department soon.

A、promised B、improved C、promoted D、motivated

6、My mom once worked in a very small village school, which is only on foot.

A、acceptable B、adequate C、accessible D、appropriate

7、I still can’t believe my eyes when I remember the scene the best player missed the pass.

A、that B、which C、where D、how

8、Stella was disappointed to find her new plan and fell into great depression.

A、put away B、carried out C、turned down D、left out

9、A police officer drove them back to the parking lot to see any evidence could be found at the scene of the crime.

A、what B、how C、that D、if

10、The well-dressed lady was caught stealing in the fashion shop, Strangely enough,she have done such a thing.

A、would B、must C、should D、might

11、-What do you think of the music teacher?

- she is an elegant lady, she can be extremely difficult to work with.

A、White B、When C、Even if D、As

12、Under no circumstances my bike tomorrow.

A、he is borrowing B、is he to borrow

C、he will borrow D、could he be borrowing

13、Mr.Li has some trouble sleeping, so drinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night is his common

A、practice B、knowledge C、experience D、duty

14、 the instructions on the packet when you take the drug and it, I think ,will work soon.

A、Follow B、To follow C、Following D、Followed

15、 I care about most is whether the company provides opportunities for further education.

A、Whether B、What C、That D、Which

16、I make a dinner for 7:30 . We have enough time to wash up and change clothes.

A、personality B、preservation C、reservation D、persistence

17、Cao Cao’s tomb is reported in Anyang, which attracts nationwide attention.

A、being found B、to be found

C、having been found D、to have been found

18、We think that it’s love, generosity and perseverance make the world it is today.

A、what; that B、that; what C、which; what D、which; that

19、When it was his turn to deliver his speech, ,he walked towards the microphone.

A、nervously and embarrassingly B、nervous and embarrassedly

C、nervously and embarrassing D、nervous and embarrassed

20、-Mr,Li, Christmas Day is coming

- ？Just occupy yourself in your study.

A、How come B、What if C、So what D、What for

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

The new science of spending comes to a surprising conclusion, How we use our money may 21

as much or more than how much we’ve got it.

Money spent on experiences, rather than material ,goods, 22 more happiness.

Imagine that you wake up tomorrow morning to 23 ＄1 million under your bed . What would you do 24 that cash?

The money will probably make you think about one thing 25 all else—yourself. A large amount of research reveals that money 26 our selfish sides. We will 27 much on what that money can do for us alone, Perhaps you are imagining buying a faster car, or even a new house,

But studies show that 28 goods often fail to deliver 29 happiness, Fortunately ,our ongoing research 30 many ways to get more happiness from every dollar you spend, Changing how you spend money can increase your happiness.

But making these 31 needs to challenge some of our ideas of spending It’s hard not to

32 buying a house as a wise investment（投资）, But new research shows it brings very little happiness, A study in the United States found that homeowners, on average , were no happier than 33 .

So, working hard to save money for a house might not be such a good idea 34 it means spending less time with your families and friends.

And dozens of studies show that people get more happiness from buying 35 than material things, Experiential purchases --- such as trips, concerts and special meals--- are more 36 connected to our sense, of self.

And experiences come with one more 37 , They tend to bring us 38 to other people , but more often , material things are enjoyed 39 . So social contacts are important to

40 mental and physical health.

21、A、present B、matter C、appear D、equal

22、A、carries along B、breaks out C、holds on D、brings along

23、A、keep B、own C、discover D、count

24、A、to B、with C、about D、for

25、A、above B、below C、before D、after

26、A、shows B、explains C、proves D、designs

27、A、depend B、concentrate C、take D、look

28、A、mental B、material C、beautiful D、clever

29、A、outgoing B、lasting C、willing D、exciting

30、A、invites B、offers C、prefers D、follows

31、A、changes B、plans C、decisions D、mistakes

32、A、know B、view C、dream D、judge

33、A、buyers B、sellers C、builders D、renters

34、A、if B、how C、unless D、though

35、A、houses B、cars C、experiences D、health

36、A、clearly B、hardly C、generally D、deeply

37、A、advantage B、conclusion C、purpose D、identify

38、A、familiar B、close C、proper D、native

39、A、completely B、worldwide C、secretly D、alone

40、A、gain B、damage C、improve D、build

第三部分：阅读理解（共25小题；每小题2分，满分50分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Future history books might record that we were robbed of the use of our eyes ,In our hurry to get from one place to another, we fail to see anything on the way, Air travel gives you a bird’s –eye view of the world ---or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way, When you travel by car or train , you are moving so quickly that you do not see the countryside clearly , Car drivers are forever thinking about going on and on; they never want to stop, Is it the great motorways ,that attract them, or what? And as for sea travel ,it hardly deserves mention ,It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song：’I joined the navy to see the world ,and what did I see? I saw the sea’. You mention the place names in the world like EI Dorado, Kabul and someone is sure to say‘I’ve been there’meaning ,‘I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else.’

When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing :you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place, But actual arrival ,when it is achieved , is meaningless , You want to move on again . By traveling like this, you suspend （中止）all experience; the present stops being a reality：you might just as well be dead.

The traveler on foot, on the other hand , lives constantly in the present, For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes, He experiences, the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body, At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical tiredness, Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travelers.

41、The underlined words “get in your way”in Paragraph I can be replaced, by .

A、block your sights B、expend your range of vision

C、prevent you from going out of the plane halfway D、make your travel continue

42、What does the author think of the travelers mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A、They get a good view of the landscape

B、They make full use of their eyes

C、They fail to see the scenery with their heart[来源:Zxxk.Com]

D、They are eager to see everything on the way.

43、Why does “the present”mean “nothing ”when we travel at high speeds?

A、Because we change our aims all the time

B、Because we are eager to go to another place

C、Because we are looking forward to the future life

D、Because we cannot enjoy the experience we have had

44、What will the author most probably advise us to do?

A、To go hiking in the mountain B、To travel at a high speed

C、To travel by car or train D、To go around the world

45、What would be the best title for the passage?

A、Different travelers B、The use of eyes

C、Ways of traveling D、True traveling

It was the beginning of the school year a few years ago and I had a little boy in my class who came from a non – English speaking home, He was very quiet and shy, I wasn’t sure how much he understood during the school day and I was especially concerned that he just stood by himself at break time and did not play, If I tried to talk to him , he would turn away and tightly shut his eyes to hide from me.

After a day or two of this, I decided to seek the help from one of my outgoing and friendly little girls, I called her over and she ran to me , ready to help.

I immediately began a long speech about what I needed from her, I asked her if she would try to get him to play, and I started talking quickly about all these suggestions on how she could start communication with him , I explained she could do that , she could try this idea, she could try that idea, “Don’t worry, I speak kid” And she ran off.

I stood there all alone, silently watching her, It took less than a minute for the two new friends to urn off, hand in hand , happily joining a game of tag （捉人游戏）taking place all over the gym.

I often think of that small moment, about what I learned and how important it is for all teachers to speak kid --- big kid, little kid and middle kid , I know my focus must be on teaching students how to think , how to approach problems ,and how to figure out solutions and teaching them never to let the opportunity away , We must be ready to learn from our students because those “teachable moments ”during the school days are for us , the teachers, as well as our kids.

46、Why did the author worry about the boy?

A、He didn’t dare to look at the author in the eyes

B、He couldn’t speak English as well as other students

C、He failed to understand what the author taught

D、He was unwilling to communicate with others[来源:学科网]

47、After the girl agreed to help, the author

A、taught her what to do in detail

B、thanked her for her willingness to help

C、thanked her for her willingness to help

D、reminded her of what she should be careful about

48、By saying “I speak kid ”,the girl meant that she could

A、speak the language that kids understand B、speak the boy’s native language

C、know what kids want to day D、speak well like a little kid

49、The underlined words“the opportunity”refer to the chance to

A、play at break time B、learn from students C、solve problems D、speak kid

50、What can we learn from the passage?

A、Gold will shine everywhere

B、Children are more friendly than adults

C、Teachers’ thoughts are different form students’

D、You learn something every day if you pay attention

The name sounds funny but the idea is no joke: it’s a personal toilet called the pee-pool, Anders Wilhelmson, a Swedish architect, is the inventor of the pee-pool.

He became interested in the idea of sanitation(卫生设施) after taking part in a research project on the social and political development of cities, One of the most common problems he found in developing countries was the lack of toilets, He wanted to do something to help, So working with others, he started the project in 2005, and the next year started a company called Peepoolple.

The toilet is a single—use bag made of environmentally friendly plastics, The inside is treated with urea （尿素）, a chemical commonly used as fertilizer, The hotter the weather, the more quickly the waste turns into what is needed by plants The sanitation process can be as soon as a couple of hours or as long as two to four weeks ,You can just bury it in a pot and grow whatever you like.

The company expects to start selling the bags in August in Kenya and Bangladesh, But it is just beginning production and sales in Nairobi now , Full production could reach about half a million bags a day and people may be able to buy the pee-pool in countries Vietnam, Bangladesh, etc.

The United Nations says more than two and a half billion people around the world do not have good sanitation ,Many have no choice but to use the outdoors, which is not only bad for the environment ,but also harmful to people’s health, Each year, poor sanitation leads to three fifths of those people getting an infectious disease which on average causes one out of 1,000 patients to die.

Jack Smith ,the founder of the World Toilet Organization ,says “This is quite an unacceptable situation given the fact that we are living in the modem world , And strangely, many of them own televisions ,phones but have no toilet.”

51、What was the original purpose of Anders Wilhelmson in starting the company?

A、To protect the local environment

B、To earn a lot of money from the project

C、To do research on the social development

D、To help solve the problem of lack of toilets in developing countries

52、What can be learned about the pee-pool from the passage?

A、It can be used over again

B、Its sanitation process doesn’t last long

C、It works better in summer than in winter

D、It should be buried in a pot after being used

53、In which place can people buy the Pee-pool now?

A、Nairobi B、Vietnam C、Sweden D、Bangladesh

54、The fifth paragraph is written mainly to tell us that

A、poor sanitation may cause many problems

B、many people don’t care for the environment

C、many people get ill from using the outdoors

D、quite a number of people died from poor sanitation

55、The underlined word“This ”in the last paragraph probably refers to

A、the outdoors being damaged

B、many places being shout of toilets

C、many people having TVs and phones

D、many people getting an infection disease

Many parents have learned the hard way that what sounds like open communication is otfen the very thing that closes a youngster’s ears and mouth, One common mistake is the Lecture, the long monologue that often starts with “When I was your age……”Eighteen –year –old Kelly calls lectures “Long , one-side discussions in which I don’t say much.”

Kids reflexively（条件反射地）shout down in the face of a lecture , Their eyes glaze over（呆滞）,and they don’t register any incoming information , Listen to 13-year –old Sarah describe her least favorite times with her mom and dad, “First, they scream, Then comes the“We’re so disappointed’ speech , Then the ‘I never did that to my parents’ lecture begins , After that, even if they realize how ridiculous they sound, they never take it back’”.

Lines like “When you have children of your own, you’ll understand” have been seriously said by parents since time immemorial, But many of our expert parents, like Bobby , a registered nurse and mother of three, feel that by falling back on cliches（陈词滥调）to justify our actions, we weaken our position.

Since kids are creatures of here and now, the far-off future has no relevance to them, Therefore ,good communicators like Bobby suggest, “Give specific reasons for your actions in present language:‘I’m not letting you go to the party because I don’t think there will be enough adult supervisions（监护）”。

Betty, who lives in Missouri ,uses and indirect approach, “I find that warnings are accepted more readily if I discuss a news article on a subject I am concerned about, My husband and I talk about it while our children absorb the information, Then they never think I’m preaching（布道）”.

This really helped when Betty’s kids began driving , Instead of constantly repeating “Don’t drink; don’t speed”, She would talk about articles in the paper and express sympathy for the victims of a car crash, Betty made no special effort to draw her kids into the conversation, She depended on a teenager’s strong desire to put in his opinions—especially if he thinks he isn’t being asked for them.

56、The purpose of the passage is to

A、compare two ways of parents’ communicating with their kids

B、give parents advice on how to communicate with their kids

C、explain why kids won’t listen to their parents

D、introduce kids’ reaction to the communication between them and their parents

57、Which of the following statements is NOT right?

A、Kids won’t listen to their parents because they think what their parents say is boring

B、Many kids think they have no right to express their own opinions

C、Some kids think their parents should apologize when they are wrong

D、Kids don’t like any discussion at all.

58、What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean?

A、独白 B、对话 C、插话 D、讨论[来源:Zxxk.Com]

59、Which of the following topic may appeal to kids?

A、Parents own experience

B、Kids possible life in the future

C、Something related to kids’ present life

D、What parents have done to their own parents

60、In order to make kids follow their advice, parents should

A、tell their kids to listen carefully B、set out their warnings directly

C、list out as many examples as possible D、arouse kids’ desire to express themselves

E[来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K]

The British aren’t having as many children as they used to , One reason is that people are having children much older than before, meaning they have fewer year in which they can have them, After years at university ,they need a few years of work experience before they can get the job they want, They might then get married, but it’s incredibly expensive to buy a house in the UK.

The above explains why young British people now don’t move out of their parents’ home until they are around 30 years old on average, It’s only after this age that many young people start thinking about having a child , However , it is quite expensive to bring up a child in the UK, Both parents need to work just to pay for their child during the day, Paying for this childcare is always expensive, What’s more ,financial crisis and unemployment are making things even harder for families, With so much pressure on families, is it any surprise that the divorce rate is so high?

So what is Britain doing to try and save the British family ? The government is trying to make it cheaper to have children , For example ,there are increasing government subsidies for nursery schools, so that parents do not need to bay so much for child care.

The government is also trying to reduce the number of hours British parents have to work to earn enough money to pay their bills, If parents didn’t have to work so many hours, they’d have moue time to spend with their children and wouldn’t need to spend so much on childcare, On average, a Briton works 49 hours a week ,which is the most in Europe, The state is now considering introducing laws to encourage companies to improve their employees’ work –life balance, Let’s hope they’re not too late to save the British family , Otherwise, the British will always be too tired ,and won’t have enough time and money, to have children.

61、Young British people live in their parents’ home until around 30 because

A、They are allowed to get married at 30

B、they can’t allowed to get married at 30

C、they can’t afford a house of their own until then

D、they enjoy family life with their parents

62、The British are now having fewer children than before for all the following reasons EXCEPT that

A、they have fewer years to have children

B、they live much shorter lives than before

C、it is more expensive to bring up a child

D、people are losing their jobs because of the recent financial crisis

63、The underlined word “subsidies” in Paragraph 5 means

A、food paid by the government

B、school buildings for poor students

C、free transportation

D、money from the government to benefit the public

64、It can be inferred from the text that

A、with long work hours, it is hard for British parents to balance life and work

B、more and more families in Britain are breaking up because they are having fewer children

C、among Europeans, British people work hardest and earn the least

D、childcare takes up too much energy and time for the British

65、To make it cheaper to have children , the British government is

A、bringing down prices

B、raising the salaries of parents

C、reducing family income tax

D、increasing subsidies for families and nursery schools

第II卷

第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分50分）

阅读表达（71题2分，其余各题每题3分，满分20分）请将答案写在答题纸上。

[1]Do you have a sweet tooth? According to a recent report by the research organization NPD Group , Americans are cutting back on sugary foods and drinks , Today, on average ,kids are eating and drinking sugary sweets 126 times less than they did in1998

[2]”This change is about the farnily”NPD Group has been surveying households across the United States about , The study includes,5,000 people from 2,000 households, Families taking part in the survey keep a journal of their daily diets for two weeks.

[3]Since March lst, 1980,the NPD Group has been surveying households across the United States about , The study includes,5,000 people from 2,000 households, Families taking part in the survey keep a journal of their daily diets for two weeks.

[4]The study shows that a large percentage of Americans still satisfy their sweet geeth, but in smaller amounts, It also shows that nearly 98% of the adults and chidren surveyed still have at least one sweet ,but only every two weeks ,Kids today ate dating cookies 8 times less than they less than they did in 1998, and drinking fruit juice 16 times less.

[5]According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the percentage of lbese kids aged 6 to 19 tripled in the USA between 1980 and 2000, About 9 million children were much too overweight , Today, obesity rates are not falling , but they aren’t growing ,either, “There’s the movement upward, the leveling off ,and the drop Right now we’re at the leveling off point”

[6]Schools nationwide are doing their part to put childhood obesity on a downward trend, Fried food has disappeared from many cafeteria menus, Whole-wheat bread has replaced white bread , Water and low-fat milk have replaced sugary drinks such as fruit punch, sports drinks and soda, Many schools have also banned junk food and now require healthier snack options in their vending machines, These efforts, both at home and in school, are slowly putting kids on the right track for healthy eating habits.